Using Behavioral Objectives in IEP Goals

Using Behavioral Objectives in IEP Goals When a student in your class is the subject of an Individual Education Plan (IEP), you will be called upon to join a team that will write goals for her. These goals are important, as the students performance will be measured against them for the remainder of the IEP period, and her success can determine the kinds of supports the school will provide.   For educators, its important to remember that IEP goals should be SMART. That is, they should be Specific, Measurable, use Action words, Realistic, and Time-limited.   Behavioral objectives, as opposed to goals linked to diagnostic tools such as tests, are often the best way to define progress for mild to severely mentally disabled children. Behavioral goals show clearly if the student is benefiting from the efforts of the support team, from teachers to school psychologist to therapists. Successful goals will show the student generalizing the skills learned in various settings into his daily routine. How to Write Behavior-Based Goals Behavior goals are statements that will describe no more than three things about the individuals behavior.They will state precisely the behavior to be exhibited.  Describe how often and how much the behavior is to be exhibited.Indicate the specific circumstances under which the behavior will occur. When considering desirable behavior, think about verbs. Examples could be: feed self, run, sit, swallow, say, lift, hold, walk, etc. These statements are all measurable and easily defined. Lets practice writing a few behavioral goals using some of the above examples. For feeds self, for example, a clear SMART goal might be: Student will use a spoon without spilling food on five attempts to feed. For walk, a goal might be: Student will walk to the coat rack at recess time without assistance. Both of these statements are clearly measurable and one can determine if the objective is being met successfully or not. Time Limits An important aspect of the SMART goal for behavior modification is time. Specify a time limit for the behavior to be achieved. Give students a number of attempts to complete a new behavior, and allow for some attempts to not succeed. (This corresponds to an accuracy level for the behavior.) Specify the number of repetitions that will be required and state the accuracy level. You can also specify the level of performance you are looking for. For example: student will use a spoon without spilling food. Set the conditions for the pinpointed behaviors. For example: Student will eat meals, using a spoon without spilling food on at least five attempts at lunch time. Student will  motion for the teachers attention after a task has been completed when the teacher is NOT busy with another student. In summary, the most effective techniques for teaching students with mental disabilities or developmental delays come from changing behaviors. Behaviors are easily evaluated in students for whom diagnostic tests are not the best option. Well-written behavior objectives can be one of the most useful tools for planning and evaluating the exceptional students educational goals. Make them a part of the successful Individualized Education Plan.

US healthcare system Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

US healthcare system - Essay Example The government primarily provides for its employees health insurance. The Americans values and beliefs evidently define the healthcare system. These values and beliefs have for a very long time gone on record to have stalled attempts of health care reforms. This is caused by conflict of values that are deeply rooted. The ideological clash should be solved so that pragmatic changes can be achieved. These values include freedom to choose, fairness, and the responsibility for everybody in health care. A survey showed that the Americans come to the debate about the healthcare with mixed feelings and a small base of the exact knowledge. However, the Americans hold some core values that determine their responses to the proposal made to the national change. We witness many speeches by political leaders and a lot of money being spent on advertisements by interested groups so as to persuade the public to accept their views on which direction should be taken by the Americans in the health care . Experts design messages to rally Americans oppose or support the proposed health care reforms (Shi, et al. 2010). Medicare is a program by the federal health insurance for the individuals that are aged 65 years that have paid and worked into the system, younger people that have disabilities, and those suffering from End-stage Renal Diseases. Medicaid is for individuals and families with limited resources and low incomes. It is a program for social health care. It is a program designed for everybody who has a low income and cannot afford for health care regardless of the age. Both programs are federal healthcare programs, but they also have differences between the two. This includes who is in charge of their running, who qualifies to benefit from them, and the services offered and the amount charged (Smith, D. G. 2002). Medicaid is administered by the

Citi Bank Launching The Credit Card In Asia Pacific Essay

Citi Bank Launching The Credit Card In Asia Pacific - Essay Example The feasibility of launching the product in Singapore would become clear in the light of the following analysis: Income and Standard of Living: Singapore is a country of rich and affluent people with an average per capita income of $8,817 that is continuously growing at a higher rate than other countries in the region and a standard of living much better as compared to most of its neighbouring countries. Most of the population can conveniently afford a credit card therefore this country offers great opportunity to the Citi corp. in launching its product for the first time in the whole region. Therefore, the land of Singapore offers more opportunities than risk for the Citi Bank credit card launch. Although risks are there, but the country having 100% urban population, higher per capita income and much better standard of living offer less country risks to the launch of a product like credit card. Although the country profile of Singapore offers has great attractiveness for the launch of Citi Bank credit card, yet the market ... Although the country profile of Singapore offers has great attractiveness for the launch of Citi Bank credit card, yet the market profile suggests a great number of risks associated with it. The credit card market has been already captured by major international players such as American Express Bank, Hong Kong Bank, Chase, Standard Chartered and local banks such as UOB, DBS, OUB, and OCBC, which make it very difficult for a bank to successfully enter the market and remain profitably in business for long. In order to enter the Singapore market and successfully launch the product, Citi Bank could either purchase an existing already established business, or launch a rigorous marketing campaign to attract a great number of customers or can even both the options simultaneously as suggested by the case given. However it is recommendable for the Citi Bank to go for the development of its product's own market. The bank should adopt a number of possible marketing strategies that could help it achieve the objective of customer awareness and customer acceptance. Initially, the customers should be made acquainted to the product and then the product must be positioned in a way to win the customer acceptance. Competitive Advantage Singapore is a market where people enjoy a high standard of living and therefore, enjoy the products that are associated with image, status and recognition. Citi Bank can take advantage of this attitude by positioning the credit card and associate its image with high status, prestige, affluence and style. The bank should use its "international identity" and offer its product to the people with maximum international usage and recognition. This can be the most visible competitive advantage readily available to be

Industrialization And Urbanization In China History Essay

Industrialization And Urbanization In China History Essay The Great Leap Forward of China (Peoples Republic of China) was a social and economic crusade with the aim to develop industry and agriculture by then ruling Communist Party of China (CPC). It was adopted in 1958 as an ambitious five year plan intended to utilize the huge population of China to rapidly transform her economy from an agrarian one to a modernized one such that the economy of China would rival that of United States by the year 1988 (Bachman, 1991). However, the plan was discontinued in 1961 when they realized that it was not feasible. The leader, Mao Zedong, aimed to achieve the Great Leap Forward plan by developing agriculture and industries chiefly through the process of collectivization (Kataoka, 1968). The leader believed that these two sectors had to be developed first to let other key sectors to develop too; industries could only flourish if the workers were well fed, whilst the agricultural work force required industries to produce new, modern equipments and machi neries necessary for modernization. To achieve this, Peoples Republic of China was reformed into enormous communes, and in less than a year, approximately nine hundred million Chinese peasants were mobilized to work in these collective forms (Kataoka, 1968). Many communist strategies and policies were adopted to ensure the implementation of the plans; the Great Leap Forward was an intensification of the Soviet-type industrialization strategy. The Great Forward Leap had a lot of similarities with the soviet-type industrialization strategy; it was based on the oppressive communist principles. Kataoka (1968) explains that many transformations occurred in the lives of the Chinese peasants living in rural areas; agricultural collectivization was introduced and gradually made compulsory for all. Private ownership of land and farming was banned, and those who engaged in it were punished severely for being counter revolutionaries. The administration was done through party members and communes leaders; restriction control of rural inhabitants was imposed through social pressure, propaganda and public struggle sessions. They utilized force, coercion and systematic violence to ensure that the peasants obeyed the rules. Regardless of the great mobilization of the rural peasants and the ambitious plans of the leaders, the Great Leap Forward did not achieve the anticipated massive developments. Poor decisions and mistakes by the party leaders characterized and contributed, in part, to its failure. Eventually, The Great Leap culminated in devastation, with consequential death of the people in tens of millions; approximates show a range from eighteen to forty-six million individuals (Dikà ¶tter, 2010). After the first five year plan, Mao Zedong alarmed by various events and uprisings in Europe concluded that communism was the best was way for China to go. The next five year plan was the Great Forward Leap which created the communes; they were large enough consisting of large collective farms each composed of about five thousand families (Dikà ¶tter, 2010). Just like in the Soviet Union, they had comprehended that this system would be unpopular with the peasants, thus; they brought them under Party control (Kataoka, 1968). They executed the working in the collective farms by convening meetings and then ensuring that the peasants stayed for long periods until they had no choice but to join the communes. Apart from the economic changes, the party also instituted key social changes in the rural areas including the expulsion of all spiritual and religious institutions and ceremonies and substituted them with party meetings and propaganda sessions. They introduced internal passports ban ning travel without appropriate authorization and dictated what was to be planted. For instance, they replaced the farming of opium with rice. Peasants in the rural areas worked in communes owned by the state and the grain they produced was for cities and export, to earn foreign exchange. Families in a communes relinquished individual possession and tenure of farm equipments and animals such that all were owned by the commune; they now labored and toiled for the state-owned commune and not for themselves as individuals. Nearly all aspects of the life of the peasants in the commune were controlled by the commune; education facilities were offered by the communes so that all grownups could work. Health care services were given by the communes and the aged were taken into establishment ironically named houses of happiness in order that they could be cared for. Moreover, individuals could work hard and not have to be troubled about leaving their aged family members back at home. The communes made available all that the peasants required including entertainment. Peasants toiled alongside the soldiers. The populace in a commune was sub-grouped; dozen families formed a work team, a dozen work teams composed a brigade. Every sub-division was assigned a particular work to com plete. The communist party members supervised the work and running of a commune to make sure those decisions executed were in line with party policies. The state adopted all strategies it could to fluff up enthusiasm and passion for the communes. Propaganda was used in all places to the extent that there were public address systems out in the fields through which thousands of the peasant workforces could listen to political speeches as they toil. Propaganda posters were widely used to spread the ideologies of the party. Everyone engaged in communes was urged not only to work hard to achieve set targets but to surpass them. If the machines were deficient or inadequate in the communes, the workforce used their bare hands. Major buildings and structures were constructed in record time although the strength of most of them was doubtful. The local leaders in the communes were forced into falsifying information and spreading propaganda from senior party leaders. For instance, they had at times to report ever-higher grain production records to their political seniors (Wei Yang, 2005). People attending political meetings talk of producti on quantities being exaggerated up to ten times of the real production quantities as the pursuit to thrill superiors and win praise intensified. The government was later on capable of compelling, many production groups to put up for sale higher quantities of grain than they were capable based on these embellished production quantities. Bachman (2011) depicts the state-owned communes as a type of discrimination system for Chinese peasant families. The commune system adopted in the great forward leaped was intended at exploiting rural peasants to produce for cities and urban areas and building industrial units, offices, educational facilities, and social insurance structures for elite cadres and officials residing in towns. The peasants in the countryside who condemned the plan were classified as dangerous, counter revolutionaries. Running away was also very hard, mostly even impossible, and those who tried were faced with severe repercussions that sometimes resulted in death. Apart from agriculture projects, state-owned communes also participated in various medium scale industries and building projects. The prohibition of private ownership of property devastated the life of the peasants at its most basic level, according to Bachman (1991). Rural populace were incapable of securing sufficient food to support a decent living, since the customary ways of leasing out, selling, or using their properties as collateral for credit were dispossessed of them by the commune system. In some villages, after the commune systems were adopted, the Party leader and his men took immediate inhumane actions, commanding peasants to spend nights toiling and laboring for intolerable hours, and ordering them to march, starved, to far-flung additional projects (Bachman, 1991). Yang (2008) notes that local party officials were unmoved regardless of the great number of peasants dying while working, as their main concern was the production of grain, which the state needed to utilize in settling the billions of loans from the Soviet Union. The Communist Party was aware of the fact that their strategies were responsible for causing the starvation. In some provinces such as Xinyang; peasants succumbed to starvation at the entrances of grain warehouses (Yang, 2008). Senior party leaders even acknowledged that the deaths were a price the country has to pay; downplaying the deaths as a minor thing. As yang (2008) notes, in a covert gathering in Shanghai in 1959, Mao ordered the procurement of a third of all grain by the state to provision the urban areas and foreign clients, and he remarks that if the state does not pass above that quota, citizens will not rebel. He further comments that as there is not sufficient food to feed all citizens and some will have to sta rve, then the best way is to let half of them to starve so that the rest can have enough. Like in the Soviet Union, through the starvation of 1932-1933, peasants were incarcerated to their starved villages by a scheme of registration of households, and the nastiest results of the food shortage were aimed at opponents of the regime (Yang, 2008). Yang (2008) further explains how those tagged as being religious leaders, activists and rich peasants were given the last priority in the allotment of foodstuff, and consequently, died in the record numbers.

Biology Essay -- essays research papers

Lab Report 1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Principles of Biology 1(BIOL 100) Fall 2001  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Gerard Chretien  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Living cells perform a multitude of chemical reactions very rapidly because of the participation of enzymes. Enzymes are biological catalysts, compounds that speed up a chemical reaction without being used up or altered in the reaction. The material with which the catalysts reacts, called the substrate, is modified during the reaction to form a new product. But because the enzyme itself emerges from the reaction unchanged and ready to bind with another substrate molecule, a small amount of enzyme can alter a relatively enormous amount of substrate. This report will illustrate the enzymatic action of the enzyme catecholase, which is common in plants. To study this particular enzyme in a laboratory, the natural substrate catechol is oxidized by the removal of two hydrogen atoms. The substrates of the enzyme are catechol and oxygen. These substates react with one another within the active site of the enzyme. The products formed by this reaction are benzoquinone has a brown color, you can see that the reaction has taken place. This is called the fruit browning reaction. Benzoquinone inhibits the growth of microorganisms and prevents damaged fruit from rotting. In undamaged cells catecholase is stored in vesicles and does not interact with catechol.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the presence of the enzyme catecholase:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Catechol+1/2O2 benzoquinone+H2O The structure of the enzyme is mainly dependent on the active site and variable groups. Extreme temperatures or extreme pHs can alter the structure of an enzyme. Enzymes function to lower the activation energy to break the bonds. They achieve this by putting stress and pressure on the bonds or creating a microenvironment for the substrate. A change in the temperature or a fluctuation in pH can alter... ... questions and test answers. The method has five stages: 1. Making observation. 2. Asking questions. 3. Forming hypotheses, or tentative answers to the questions. 4. Making predictions based on the hypotheses. 5. Testing the predictions by making additional observations or conducting experiments. The information gained may support or yield opposite results based on predictions being tested. My independent variable would be time and the dependent one would be the enzyme pectinase. I believe the key feature of my experimentation is the control of most factors so that the influence of a single factor can be seen clearly. The setting would take place within a laboratory, equipped with various components such as tubes, microscope and other related equipment. I would try to investigate the physical properties of pectin such as molecular weight, molecular conformation and aggregation of pectin molecules in the solution. In regards to the pulpiness of the applesauce, I would use the pectin as a emulsifier and stabilizer. This procedure would reduce the pulp of the applesauce considerably without making the solution too watery.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

Neoliberalism

Unilateralism can be described as a new economic direction enforced by US and British leaders after WI. It was touted as the best means to livelihood through freedom of the private sector based on four main pillars; vaporization of utilities, financial deregulation, management and manipulation crisis and state redistribution where wealth was supposedly to trickle down' to the poor. Harvey assesses how a seemingly utopian idea was actually a way for US global domination and a means to store upper class wealth.This destructive Capitalist entitlement Is so Ingrained that we are unaware of what an Influential role It plays Into our existence and our seemingly need for new commodities. Who benefits from ‘Individual freedom' and what role does It play In national education, media, and finances and Internationally through the WTFO and MIFF. Quest for self-liberty through societal movement Is traced back to Incidents in the soviet union, Pans, china and Mexico, to name a few.In 1970 he first trial of liberalizing was carried out in Chile with a CIA backed coup and further US control, designed by The Chicago Boys', through vaporization and foreign investment: which is now used as a model for action. After 911 the US embarked on its ‘obligation to spread freedom' as Pres. Bush put it. The Iraq war and outcome is a modern display of US control through declaration of Unilateralism and its freedom. Continuation of time now allows awareness of materialism, class struggle, indigenous fairness and the global society.

Age-Related Changes that Occur in the Cardiovascular...

Case Study 1 Unit 2: Age-Related Changes that Occur in the Cardiovascular System Slide 1 The title page introducing what subject I am planning on presenting to the residents of the independent living facility. It tells them who I am and what subject is being presented. The residents that I am going to be addressing are healthy, active and mentally alert senior who want to learn more about health conditions that are affecting their age group in general and are of major concern. Slide 2 Homeostasis is the equilibrium of the body. Homeostasis is maintained by the balance of our vital signs to keep us on an even keel. The definition of Homeostasis is, â€Å"Homeostasis is the compensation of the vital signs†¦show more content†¦Diet and exercise can be the most drastic changes, and the hardest to comply with. If an individual has never exercised much and has lived on fast food, eating healthy and increasing activity besides sitting in front of the television can be the most challenging. Slide 5 A hypertensive heart has thickened ventricular walls which make the heart work harder to pump the blood throughout the body. When the walls thicken, the elasticity is decreases and the heart and other systems need to work harder to pump oxygenated blood throughout the body. Any condition that affects the oxygenated blood from flowing through the heart can cause the ventricular walls to thicken. As we age our blood pressure increases, age, ethninticity, weight, and genetics can play a role in a hypertensive heart condition. Slide 6 Hypertension is sometimes call, â€Å"The Silent Killer† (www.medicinenet.com 2013). Hypertension usually does not have any symptoms and puts a lot of stress on other major organs which over time will start to deteriorate. Some side- affects that can impact quality of life are sexual dysfunction, stroke, heart disease, kidney disease, and neurological problems. Sexual dysfunction is usually more noticeable and bothersome to men. Heart disease can lead to other heart related problems, like heart attack (MCI), strokeShow MoreRelatedAge Related Changes That Occur in the Cardiovascular System950 Words   |  4 PagesAge Related Changes that Occur in the Cardiovascular System Age Related Changes that Occur in the Cardiovascular System In the normal conduction of the heart the electrical impulse starts in the SA node, also called the pacemaker of the heart. The electrical impulse travels through the right atrium and through the Bachmann’s bundle into the left atrium. This stimulates the atria to contract. Next the signal travel to the AV node. The AV node slightly delays the signal. This delay is neededRead MoreCauses And Differences Between Men And Women The Aging Process1399 Words   |  6 PagesIs there a gender difference in chronic illness such as cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, hypertension and parkinson’s disease, for older adults in North America? 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